ISLAMIC LAW IN DEALING WITH AGE PROGRESS

    1. CHARACTERISTICS OF ISLAMIC LAW IN DEALING WITH AGE PROGRESS
 Preliminary
Allah SWT has reduced Islam to mankind through His prophet Muhammad. Islam is a universal religion containing legal rules that directly from God SWTagar man survived, both in this world and in the hereafter. Religion (Islam) and the rules (laws) are made by God is a revelation, revealed to the Prophet and His Messenger through the intercession of the Angel Gabriel. While the latter is a prophet and messenger Muhammad, peace be upon him God's revelation is, sometimes to resolve legal issues that are being faced by the Muslims at that time, and in the sciences of the Qur'an known as asbabun-nuzul or causes of revelation (verses of the Koran). At the time of the Prophet SAW, all friends of the problems faced directly asked of him. Thus, the apostle answers to these questions it is final.
At this time, the legal sources used are two, namely the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet which is empirisasi and interpretation as well as the implementation of God's revelation SWT.Seiring with the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, expansion of the Islamic empire, the Prophet's companions scattered into various region, and many of the friends who died in battle, the Muslims got a new challenge in the field of law, because sometimes the problem (legal) facing no law in the al-Quran and al-Sunnah, and in order to resolve legal issues facing the new, the Companions are always air-ijtihad, and they can easily find the legal issues that are being faced by the Muslims at that time because the companions are very familiar with the techniques Prophet air-ijtihad. Results of the ijtihad of the Companions, if not contradicted by other companions of the Prophet, it is considered ijma 'of the Companions. Conversely, if the results of the Prophet's companions ijtihad was denied by the other companions of the Prophet, the Companions of the Prophet ijtihad results can not be considered as ijma 'of the Companions, but only the personal opinion of the Companions of the Prophet about the issues (legal) specific. Thus it is apparent that the source of Islamic law at the time only three companions, namely: the Qur'an, the Sunnah and ijma 'of the Companions. Future is still being decided, the companions of the Prophet began to die, then the authority tasri 'fall into the hands of later generations tabi'in tabi' tabi'in and so on. Such stages are owned by the Islamic Law. Seeing this phenomenon, the author tries to discuss a little about why Islamic law could be developed to follow the changing times and time. Characteristics of Islamic Law Is For The rapid development of Islamic law Any law certainly has the traits and characteristics that distinguish one from yet others. Therefore, the authors try to explain a little about the traits and characteristics (khasha-ish) of Islamic law in order to sustain the rapid development of Islamic law.

    2. Islamic law has its own characteristics, different from Western Law and Indigenous Law, yaitumempunyai multiple dimensions, the first dimension of Shari'a (has a characteristic revelations) and fiqh (characterized by persuasion), second, the divinity and humanity (iman and ihsan or faith and morals), Third, universal Islamberwatak Law (beyond space and time, including in the areas of worship and Muamalat in a broad sense, retaliation or sanctions the world and the Hereafter) and contextual (dynamic, flexible). 1. Sharia and Fiqh characteristic dimensions of the first, in the language of Mohammad Daud Ali (1996), has two key terms that (a) law and (b) jurisprudence. Shari'a consists of the revelation of God and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad and fiqh is understanding, and the result of human understanding of the Shari'a. As the writer explained earlier in the Introduction, can not be equated with the Shari'a jurisprudence, but both can not be separated. Shari'a which is derived from the revelations of Allah (the Qur'an) and we SunnahNabi Muhammad SAW (Al-Hadith) are tsabat (fixed) whenever and wherever. Whereas fiqh is tathowwur (constantly evolving) because it is the result of human understanding of the Shari'a. By the nature of the Shari'a tsabat Allah will remain valid throughout the period and tidakseorang ever able to replace it. While the nature of fiqh that tathowwur, makamenunjukkan that Islamic law is flexible (not rigid) in every condition and situation of the community and keep abreast of the times. However, keep Quranic Law. Lies the power of Islamic law in its purity because it is derived from the revelations of Allah without interference from the power of human reason. While the jurisprudence itself is a means of understanding the process of establishing Islamic law through the power of human reason. Whether it's understanding of revelation directly or indirectly. This is where the flexibility of Islamic law when given the opportunity to discuss issues muamalahkita for ijtihad (gate of ijtihad was not closed) and the Qur'an itself only discuss this issue globally muamalah alone. 2. Divinity and humanity syahadatain phrase "asyhadu allaailaha illallah" is not only associated with monotheism alone (not faith only). However, this expression also contains a law which if transferred to the bahasahukum will read "no law except the law of God". Sources formulation of this sentence is al-Quran surah al-Anam verse 57, which reads: Say: "Behold, I was on a real proof (Al Quran) from my Lord, are you rejected him. Did not exist to me what (punishment) which you ask be hastened its arrival. establish the law of God is just right. Actually He explained that he and the giver of good decision ". also in Surat Yusuf verse 40 and 67, which reads: You do not worship besides Allah except only (worship) the names of you and your ancestors invented it. God did not send down a keteranganpun about those names. That decision belongs to God only. He has commanded that you worship none but Him. That is the right religion, but most men understand not. "(Surah Yusuf: 40)

    3. And Jacob said: "O my sons do not be (together) go from one gate, and enter the gates of the divergent-other, and yet I can not melepaskankamu goods at all of the (fate of) Allah. Decision set (something) is just the right God, to Him I place my sole trust and let Him be the people who surrendered sole trust. "(Surah Yusuf: 67) Islamic law that Allah created not for the sake of Allah SWT. However, it is done for the sake of the man himself. The law was created to regulate human life and Allah's certainly better to know the interests and needs of people both in the form of kebutuhankepercayaan (creed), ritual (worship), to the needs of individual and social life (Muamalat). To all human needs are met, then Allah Almighty has provide the perfect infrastructure and provide a way of life (law) is perfect for kebahagiaanmanusia. From this we can conclude that Islamic law was very concerned about the humanitarian characteristics that Allah gives guidance to human life, whether it be faith, worship, and Muamalat. If we already know the fact that the God who created the law, then it is our obligation to carry out and implement the law of Allah. Implementation was not for us personally but, for Allah SWT in terms of carrying out God's law by the name of Allah SWT. 3. Universal and Contextual Islam is universal (Alamy), includes all human beings in this world, is not limited by sea or limit any State. This is based on the word of Allah in the letter Saba verse 28, which reads: And we have not sent you but to all mankind as a news bearer and a warner happy, but most humans not Know. And also the word of Allah in Surat al-Anbiya verse 107 which reads: And We sent thee not, but for (a) a mercy to the worlds. By Therefore, in the period of Makkah, where the Prophet Muhammad was still focused on his message of monotheism in particular and faith in general, we refer to the verses of the Qur'an is generally used call Yes Ayuha nNas (O mankind) to include anyone and anywhere . However, the laws though not limited by sea and land, but in general, especially regarding worship, specifically only for the Muslims only. Therefore we look at the verses of the Qur'an down the Medina period in which Islamic law has begun mentasyrikan, call l-utilized Yes Ayuha Ladzina Aamanu (O ye who believe). Example appeal to all peoples of the word of Allah Tawheed in surah Al-Baqarah ayat21-22, Surat an-Nisa verse 170. Another example of the law, among others; Allah says in surah Al-Maidah 1s / d 3 and the word of Allah in surah Al-Maidah verse. Universality of Islamic law can be seen from a qualitative aspect, which is about space and time, and
    4. lasting effect. From the quantitative aspect, ie Islamic law, the legal basis and framework ditetapkanoleh God, not just regulate human relationships with other humans and objects in society, but also regulates the relationship of humans with God, man's relationship with himself, and man's relationship with the natural surroundings . Islamic law, which is the basis and legal framework established by God, not bound by nationality, (nationalism), ethnicity, class, rulers, people, sex (male and female), boundaries or geography (in terms of space). Similarly, not bound by time and waktu.Hukum Islam, in addition to universal also have contextual character. Character of Islamic law, according to Yusuf Qaradawi based on the rules and patterns of human thinking. Among the rules and patterns of thinking that are: 1. Ease, and eliminates the trouble; 2. Attention to future phases; 3. Down to the reality of the ideal value in emergency situations; 4. Everything cause harm or misery the people must be eliminated; 5. Kemudlaratan not be eliminated by kemudlaratan; 6. Kemudlaratn that are typically used for general kemudlaratan; 7. Kemudlaratan light used to resist heavy kemudlaratan; 8. Circumstances forced to facilitate an act or acts forbidden; 9. What is allowed by necessity, measured according to the size required; 10. Adversity brings ease; 11. Close the source of damage precedence over bringing kemaslahatan.Meskipun Thus, there is other literature that characteristics of Islamic law that is most important is six, which is protected from forgery and human interference (al-hifdzu min at-tahrif); universal and comprehensive ( as-syumul); were moderate (al-wasathiyyah); according to age (al-waqiiyyah); clear and plausible (al-wa al-uqlaniyyah wudluh), and the merger between tsabat terakhiradalah and tathowwur (al-Baina herbs as tsabat wa-at-tathowwur). But the real meaning is not much different from the distribution of the three traits as we explained above. Because in these explanations have included the six traits mentioned that other literature. Looking at the characteristics of Islamic law above, it is very natural that Islamic law is constantly evolving to follow the change in time and era. He is a universal law, regardless of anyone. He is revealed to all mankind. Do not look ethnic, tribal race, class, social strata. Islamic law also gives the flexibility of a big share that Islamic law was righteous likulli times and eating. Thus, Islamic law itself was instrumental in codifying and development of Islamic law itself, namely through such characteristics that had author mentioned above. Cover
    5. From the brief description above, I can conclude that it is essentially the traits and characteristics of Islamic Law that there are three, which has a double dimension, the first dimension of Shari'a (has a characteristic revelations) and fiqh (characterized by persuasion), second, the divine and humanity (faith and charity or faith and morals), third, the universal character of Islamic law (beyond space and time, covering the areas of worship and Muamalat in a broad sense, replies or sanctions the world and the Hereafter) and contextual (dynamic, flexible). these characteristics which then makes Islamic law continues to tune and line and always in accordance with the times and the times keep rolling. And Allaah knows best bisshawab...

Islam Teaches Peace and harmony

 Islam Teaches Peace and harmony

Usually that something is most valuable for himself. This means that the most precious to religion is the religion itself. Therefore any religion demanding sacrifice any of its followers in order to maintain its sustainability. Islam, however, comes not only aims to maintain its existence as a religion, but also recognizes the existence of other religions, and gave him the right to live together while respecting followers-people of other faiths.
"Do not slander are not worshiping God (other religions) ..."(Surah Al-An'am [6): 108).
"There is no compulsion in the religion (Islam)" (Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 256)."To you your religion and to me my religion" (Surah Al-infidels [109]: 6)
"If God does not reject malignancy some people over others (not encouraging cooperation among humans), undoubtedly rubuhlah monasteries, churches, synagogues of the Jews and mosques, in which many called the name of God. " (Surat al-Hajj (22): 40)
This verse is used by some scholars, such as Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 H), as a mandatory argument Muslims maintain places of worship of non-Muslims. Indeed, the Qur'an is itself very firmly stated that,
"Had Allah willed, He made all men to be the only people" (Surah Al-Nahl [16]: 93).
But God does not want that so, so He gives freedom to people to choose their own path he thinks is right, express their views clearly and responsibly.
Here it can be concluded that the freedom of opinion, including freedom of religion, is a God-given right to every person.
Proposed Quranic verse is one of the seeds of the doctrine of democracy, where it will then be seen clearly in the guidelines of Scripture. One that can be raised here is the experience of the Holy Prophet in the battle of Uhud and its relation to the ordering clause deliberations. History informs that when I heard news of the attack the enemies of the Prophet from Makkah to Madina, he argues that it is better to wait for them to get to the city of Medina. But the majority of his friends urged him vigorously in order to face them outside the city, which at Uhud. Because of this pressure, the Prophet finally agreed. But, apparently, dozens of companions of the Prophet were killed in the war that cause regret. After the bitter experience of following the majority opinion, the magnified Al-Quran down to give instructions to the Holy Prophet, in order to deliberate and always keep exchanging ideas with his friends (see Surah Ali 'Imran [3]: 159).
Thus seen freedom of religion, expression, and democracy, are the principles of Islam.
On the basis of that, the Muslim holy book recognizes the reality of the many roads that can be taken mankind. They were instructed to racing in his favor (Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 148), all for the sake of peace and harmony:
"God gave instructions through whom His revelations follow His pleasure to explore the streets of peace"(Surah Al-Maidah [5]: 16).
Once again it was found that diversity is recognized or accommodated during characterized by peace. Even in order to realize peace with others, Islam recommends a good dialogue (Surah Al-Nahl [16]: 125). And in the dialogue, a Muslim is not advisable to claim the dialogue partners that truth belongs only to Him."Say, We or you who are in the truth or manifest error" (Surah Saba '[34]: 24).
Even further than that Scripture teaches Muslims sentences words or dialogue at birth can be rated as "harmful". Note the following verse translation:
"You all will not be required to account for our sins. We were not going to account for your deeds." (Surah Saba '[34]: 25).
We call what we do sin, and do not call act non-Muslim dialogue partners as sin, but called it "works".
Peace and harmony are coveted Islam, which is not apparent, but which gives a sense of security in every human soul. Therefore, the first step it does is make it happen in the soul of every person. After that he went to the smallest unit of society that is the family. From here he turned to the wider community, so to all nations of the earth's surface, and thus can create world peace, and can manifest harmony and tolerance relations with all parties.
Thus, a bit of the teachings of Islam. If reality in the Islamic world is different from what is written in the religious instruction, then the erroneous teachings are actors and not the teaching itself. It's exactly the statement of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, "Al-Islam bil Mahjub Muslims" (The beauty of Islam is covered by behavior while Muslims).

Peace of Heart And Mind

Peace of Heart And Mind
 
بسم االلهالرحمن اارحيم
The liver is the source of reasoning, the consideration, the growth of love and hate, faith and infidelity, repentance and stubborn, quietness and shock. Liver is also the source of happiness, if we are able to clean it. But instead a source of disaster if stigmatization. Activity is highly dependent body straight crooked heart. Abu Hurayrah Radhiallaahu anhu said, "The heart is the king, while the limbs are soldiers. If the king is good, it will be also good soldiers. If the king was bad, then the army will be bad anyway."

 

"Be good at saying when filled with piety, resignation, monotheism, and sincere to him in all the practice"
If there are no such properties, meaning the liver is damaged. Heart like a bird in a cage, like a seed in the petals, and like a treasure in a warehouse. He is like a bird that is not a cage, like a seed instead of petals, and such property is not the warehouse. Ya Allah busy with our limbs to obey you, borrow our hearts to recognize all of our lives day and night. We enter the class of pious people, as you give gifts to people - the former, we give sustenance to something which you have given them. Thou for us, as thou to them.

Sincere Heart, the Good IntentionsI believe if we do things with a sincere heart and good intentions, good results will come back to us, because the energy was so positive that we will have more and more out of it than it is in any condition "cheer up your hearts!" Never be sad."If you are rich. Cheer up your hearts! Because in front of you lies the opportunity for doing good deeds through your possessions."And if you are poor, precisely to please your hearts because you have separated from a mental illness, a disease that often affects the vanity of the rich. Cheer up your hearts because no one will envy and jealousy to you again, because of your poverty.""If thou forgotten, less famous, also the heart to please! Because the tongue is not much to reproach you, not a lot of taunting mouth"Noble and good heart are always getting exalted place in the eyes of God. Good heart to its owner to deliver a good and praiseworthy deeds. Rewarding good heart and the gift of God not only for the owner, but also for all mankind. It is true Messenger of Allah said, "Verily in the body there is a blood clot, if it's good, then let the whole body".Good heart not just the gift of God which is given to certain people only, but a good heart can also be obtained by training and education. One way to get a good heart are always open to communication and God's heart. God is the Essence of the Supreme Good, then anyone who is in constant communication kepdaNya will get radiant goodness. Hopefully we are given the gift of a good heart, and God always grant us beneficial knowledge which leads us to a conviction and eternal happiness, the world and the hereafterPurify your hearts and minds, we are not what we think, his belief is if we have good intentions then the result will be good, but it is sometimes good intentions we could produce something awful, but rest assured everything is simply - eye exams from him, as if - as if good results are being saved it in advance and will be returned to us at the moment we do not speculate.Intention of all human sourced from the heart, then run to the mind and then implemented by all members of the body, good mouth, hands, feet, and so when the source is clean then everything will be clean as well. Look ... so beautiful creations of Allah Subhanahu Wata'aala, with his breadth of knowledge and power in the organization of the Supreme to Him."O Allah, O Lord, we beseech Thee that we carefully purified of filth malice and envy, the tendency to evil and harsh revenge and hate the disease, and Instill a sense of love and compassion in our hearts, with the good and grace.O God O Lord, open to us up thy wisdom and bestow up our treasure Your grace, O God the Lord of Izzati more merciful compassion, add ilmuku and luaskanlah kefahamanku, O my Lord, my business Exert my chest and make it easy, take it pemohonanku Ya Rabb . Aamiin. . Aamiin .. Yes Rabbal 'alamiin

Defendant Religious Harmony In Indonesia

Make life peaceful harmony, harmony creating a harmonious society, creating harmony and brotherhood and friendship eliminate hostility. Thus a brief message of harmony is often a theme in the dialogue, to convey tausiah muqadimah in each and so on.

But harmony was later reversed when it has entered the realm of religion and belief. Since when is it different beliefs, whether the conviction could not in force, whether the conviction can not be straightened out, and if there is a false belief. The Government has provided guidance in creating religious harmony, which were divided into three categories: internal religious harmony, inter-religious harmony and religious harmony with a government that is often called the tri religious harmony.
Of harmony that turned into a riot is often triggered by differences in the interpretation appreciate and practice the teachings of religion and belief. In the religion of Islam is particularly vulnerable to a difference of opinion, we recall the era of the 1980s the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia, namely NU and Muhammadiyah often knock the manner in practice the teachings of Islam, such as the value of prayer, qunut prayer, pilgrimage grave, funeral ceremony and other. Issues such as these are often the consumption of the general public so that sparked the feud, the group considers itself the true and blame others, especially sophist who sometimes do not want to admit the truth conveyed by his debate opponent. This will end the enmity, even the act of spreading anarchy.
The two CBOs same ideology, the concept of the Godhead, prophetic and its holy book, then there was a religious maturity, that difference of opinion is a blessing. After two Islamic organizations can understand and accept as a religious organization that seeks to spread Islam as rahmatan lil 'alamin. Differences in the interpretation of Islamic teachings repeated against Ahmadiyah adherents of the ideology (Qodian), such as the riots that occurred in the religious background Cikeusik, Pandeglang, Banten. Riots on Friday, February 4, 2011 has subsided, but the heat back on Sunday, February 6, 2011, giving rise to the sacrifice of life. Common sense and religious instruction to switch to the instructions lust that leads to anarchy deeds.
Surely this unrest will continue to happen all the time, because religion is a fundamental human right that guaranteed freedom. So that even religious people never menajalankan religion in peluknya (eg Islam) when insulted his religion would revolt, and will defend their religion even if lives are at stake. Concrete examples that occurred in Cikeusik, Pandeglang, Banten, this is intensely religious. Juma'ah Ahmadiyya (Qodian) claim to be Muslims, but the concept of belief violate Islamic Convictions, which is where the concept of apostleship is not as taught Islam as their prophet was Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.
It is their belief, are they are our brothers (seen from Islamic symbols), because Muslims are bound by brotherhood Islamiyah, but why we are different Convictions. Where it came from conviction, who can make sure, whether that belief came abruptly or through the process. It is not easy to go back to the Qur'an and Sunnah Rasul when Muslims differ in opinions. Moreover, the belief has taken root and become religious dogma.Besides Muslims clash with Muslims, Muslims are still in conflict with the people of non-Muslim, with Christians in Waterford, cases of blasphemy and religious insult done by Anthony Rechmond Bawengan, who was born in Manado (North Sulawesi), who in his address on the ID card Urban Village Pondok Kopi, Duren Sawit, East Jakarta. Because he considers most correct beliefs and actions are correct that they forget the attitude of religious tolerance, even ignoring ethics and belief in spreading ajaraan.
When visiting the village where his brother in Contacts, District Kranggan Waterford County (October 23, 2010) religious broadcasting activities to people who have other faiths by spreading books whose content is sacrilege or blasphemy against Islam. The book is titled "Yes, my Lord I Deceived, Fooled Me", and "You Need a Sponsor."Excessive religious fanaticism are not aware of the risk that he will naturally entangled with the provisions of article 156 of the Criminal Code letter a (primary), and Article 156 of the Criminal Code (subsidiary). "The threat of penalties under that provision is imprisonment for 5 years". Besides the consequences for acts committed himself implications for government. The inter-religious issues resolved, when he was later arrested and handed over to police to institute legal proceedings. It turns out the court process ends with riots that led to the condition of disharmony in the life of society and religion, and the destruction of public facilities.
Whether the conviction could not in forceBelief in the concept of studying and practicing the teachings of Islam, in the back on the instructions of Allah through the Qur'an and hadith the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Differences in interpreting the Qur'an is something that is understandable with requirements in compliance with the rules as a commentator, skills and abilities. However it turns out the interpretation would be different, this difference is not to blame others but will complement each other in order to increase the repertoire Islamiyah, this is because it is based on the background, socio-cultural conditions for the commentators.
History proves the teachings of the prophet Abraham as the founder of monotheism, the belief gained through a long process by observing people's behavior and natural phenomena. Ibrahim said that the father and his people are in error (cf. QS.6 :74-79). Prophet Muhammad was sent to deliver a mercy to all the worlds, providing guidance to the straight path. Therefore, he was sent in the society of ignorance, Quraysh tribe has to have faith in the hereditary worship idols, with many receiving their perseverance Muhammad confidence. Friend of the apostles Umar bin Khatab gain confidence with guidance (comes with a sudden) while listening to the Quranic verse being read by Fatimah bin Khatab (his sister).
Exhilarating and tumultuous events of the Western world, that after Imam Khumaeni decreed the death penalty for Salman Rusdie author of The Satanic Verses. Western world uproar with the work and the urge arises to purchase the book. Western intellectuals who are bored with church dogmas critical thinking why Imam Khumaeni impose severe punishment. After reading The Satanic Verses, as a scientist who uphold ethics-free and objective thought they read and study the Qur'an, many of them are interested in Islam even converting to Islam (Imad Abdurrahim, PH. D, Islam Integrated Value Systems, p: 119 ).
By studying the Islamic era, and events in the life of society then right when MUI menghukumi Ahmadiyya as a heretical schools in 1980 and 2005. Although already in the state as a misguided ideology but remain steadfast that he is delivering the true doctrine. Therefore during Juma'ah Ahmadiyah still consider Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as the last apostle, this belief can not be accepted by the Muslims and it is not an Islamic organization. Therefore they are not included in the Muslim brothers bound by vows syahadataini, "Asyhadu anlaa ilaha illallah, wa anna Muhammadan Rasulullah asyhadu": I testify that there is no true God but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God.Thus spreading their ideology will certainly disturbing religious life and society which would further damage the joints of religious harmony. Religion according to the Javanese in calls ageman (clothing) which can create a beautiful, healthy, safe for the wearer and others, it will be something scary.
We can only hope that the dialogue forum will be held by the Ministry of Religious Affairs with the involvement of the Ahmadiyya, MUI, Islamic organizations nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have been paying attention to the existence of the group Qodian or Lahore. Therefore, when in fact they have the last prophet Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to remain intertwined existence brotherhood and protected by the laws of the Minister of Religious Affairs Suryadharma Ali was about to give four alternative that needs to consider, first to become a separate sect of Islam with the stripped attributes or both back to true Islamic teachings or accept all the teachings of Islam, the Ahmadiyya third left alive in Indonesia, the fourth was dissolved, and the other possibilities (Suara Merdeka, February 11, 2011).
Option is the last step, although the option is not going to satisfy all parties. But if we remember the history of the Republic of Indonesia, during the reign of President BJ Habibi never gives the option for last provinces namely East Timor. Option done as a final step for the future of East Timor remain or not to join the Republic of Indonesia including Indonesian territory. With the choice of East Timor became a sovereign nation and Homeland are not considered as occupiers.
So is the option that will be awarded on Ahmadiyah Juma'ah Juma'ah will determine the future and the government of Indonesia in an effort to protect the religious life and at the same time creating religious harmony. Hopefully before doing the dialogue so that all participants in the dialogue to forgive and ask for forgiveness for Juma'ah Ahmadiyya especially later deliberation. To further put my trust in the commitment to make a deal to keep the results of the dialogue (cf. Sura. 3: 159). We believe that God and religion because religion we carry out the instructions of God, for God is our faith in God because it's just us hope.
Therefore, when the defendant's religious harmony back necessary first steps internal religious development. As a mass organization leaders should always increase the total development for its members, which includes areas of theology, Shari'ah, and scientific morality has always been associated with Islam or Islamic associated with science, law and societal norms to avoid spliet personality. So that any practice of religion will add closeness to the Creator to further bring coolness in public life.Both optimize the function of the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB) as a forum that embodies the aspirations of all religious organizations in Indonesia. Therefore always establish communication among religious communities, with these activities will minimize everything that would damage religious harmony. The third government to always intense coaching in facilitating any activity inter-religious harmony. Because one of the efforts to create harmony and peace is when the scholars 'and umaro' running simultaneously.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM

HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM

(1) The concept of Human Rights According to the West
stilah human rights emerged after the French Revolution, which figures bourgeois coalition with church leaders to seize the rights of the people they already have from birth. As a result of the long oppression experienced by both the European society of this, comes the people's resistance and that eventually succeeded in forcing the king recognizes human rights law.
Among them was the announcement of the human rights of King John to the people of England in 1216. Announcements made in America in 1773. These rights was adopted by the leaders of the French Revolution in a more obvious and widespread, and declared on August 26, 1789. Then the International declaration on human rights issued in December 1948.
But actually for the Muslim community, has never experienced oppression experienced by Europe, where the system of Islamic law has guaranteed rights for all people in accordance with the general rules given by God to all mankind.
In modern terms, what is meant by the right is the authority granted by law to an individual above a certain something and a certain value. And in this modern discourse, rights are divided into two:

    Man's natural rights as human beings, that is according to his birth, such as: the right to life, right to personal liberty and the right to work.
    Human rights acquired as part of the community as a member of the family and society as individuals, such as: rights have, menage-ladder rights, the right to the security, the right to obtain justice and equal rights in the rights.
There are many different classifications of human rights according to western ideas, including:

    Distribution of rights under substantive rights which include; rights security, honor and selection as well as a place to stay, and moral rights, which include: freedom of religion, and social rights of association.
    Division into three rights: the right of freedom of private life, right to liberty of spiritual life, and the right of freedom to form associations and unions.
    Division of rights into two: negative freedom memebentuk ties to the state for the benefit of citizens; positive freedom which includes state services to its citizens.
It is understandable that these divisions only look from the state ban on touching these rights. Because human rights in view of the west does not in itself require the state to guarantee security or education, and so forth. But to stem the influence of socialism and communism, the political parties in the West urged the state to interfere in-hand to guarantee rights such as employment and social security.


(2) The concept of Human Rights According to Islam
ak rights in Islam is different from the meaning of rights commonly known. Because all rights an obligation of the state or individuals that should not be overlooked.The Messenger of Allah to have said: "Truly your blood, your wealth and your honor unclean to you." (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).Then the state not only to refrain from touching these rights, it has an obligation to provide and guarantee these rights.
For example, the state is obliged to guarantee social protection for every individual without distinction of sex, there are also differences in Muslim and non-Muslim. Islam makes it an obligation not only the state, but the state was ordered to fight to protect these rights. From this the Muslims under Abu Bakr fighting those who do not want to pay zakat.
The state also ensures there is no violation of the rights of the individual. Because the government has a social tuga if not implemented means no right to fixed rule. Allah says:"That is, people who if We teguhkan position on earth, they would uphold prayers, practice regular charity, doing good and preventing told to do evil deeds. And to Allah return all matters." (Qur'an, 22: 4)
Personal Rights guarantees
The first guarantee of individual rights in the history of mankind is described Al-Qur'an:"O ye who believe, do not enter the house that is not your house before asking permission and saluted the inhabitants ... and so on." (Qur'an 24: 27-28)
In explaining this verse, Ibn Hanbal in Tsulatsiyah Sharh Musnad Imam Ahmad explained that the people who see through ointu cracks or holes through walls or the like in addition to opening the door, then the host threw or hit up injuring his eyes, then there is no penalty whatsoever for him, although he was able to pay the fine.
If looking for a person prohibited disgrace to the individual, then it is also prohibited to the states. Authorities are not justified finding fault individual people or society. Messenger of Allah said: "If in doubt seek a leader among men, then he has destroyed them." Imam Nawawi in Riyadus-Righteous tell Umar saying: "People convicted by the revelation at the time of the prophet peace be upon him. However revelation has stalled. Menghukumi therefore we only see what we outwardly of your deeds."
Muhammad Ad-Daghmi in At-Tajassus Ahkamuhu wa fi Sharia Islamiah revealed that the scholars argued that the actions of the authorities to find fault to expose crimes and indecent behavior, indecent behavior abort his efforts in exposing it. The scholars determine that disclosure misguidance is not the result of an attempt to find fault are religiously forbidden.
Act of finding fault is done when muhtasib has sought to investigate the symptoms of indecent behavior in a person, or he has been trying to seek out the evidence that led to the indecent act. The scholars stated that every misguidance is berlum seem real evidence, then it is considered indecent behavior indecent closed unjustified for others to express it. If not, then this disclosure effort includes tajassus are religiously forbidden.


(3) Nash Qur'an and Sunnah about human rights
eskipun in Islam, human rights are not specifically have a charter, but the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah focus on the rights of the other nations are ignored. These texts very much, among others:

    In the Qur'an there are about forty verses that speak of coercion and hatred. More than ten verses talk ban force, to guarantee freedom of thought, conscience and express their aspirations. For example: "Truth comes from your Lord, whosoever wants let him believe in faith, and anyone who wants to disbelieve, let him disbelieve." (Surah 18: 29)
    The Qur'an has set forth a stand against tyranny and those who do dzalim in about three hundred and twenty verses, and ordered to do justice in a fifty-four verses that expressed by the words: 'adl, qisth and qishas.
    Al-Qur'an filed approximately eighty verses about life, maintenance and provision of living life. For example: "Whoever kills a human being, not because that person kills another person, or for spreading mischief in the land, it is as if he has killed all mankind." (Surah 5: 32). Also honored in the Qur'an speak about twenty verses.
    The Qur'an explains about one hundred and fifty verses about creation and creatures, as well as about equality in creation. For example: "... One of the most noble among you is the most bertawa among you." (Surah 49: 13)
    At the Farewell Pilgrimage of the Prophet affirmed explicitly human rights, the scope of the Muslim and non-Muslim, the leader and the people, both men and women. At the sermon the Holy Prophet also reject theories about the basic values ​​of Jewish descent.
Human in the eyes of Islam all the same, yet different ancestry, wealth, position or sex. Faith-is what distinguishes them. People and authorities also have equality in Islam. That is until now this has not been achieved by a modern democratic system. Prophet as head of state also is human, what applies to it applies to the people. Then Allah commanded him to declare: "Let's say that I'm only human, it's just that I was given a revelation, that your God is one God." (Qur'an 18: 110).


(4) Formulation of Human Rights in Islam
pa called human rights in the man-made rules are mandatory (dharurat) in which people can not live without him. Muslim clerics define the problems in the book of Fiqh called Ad-Dharurat Al-Khams, which stipulated that the ultimate goal is to keep the Islamic Shari'ah sense, religion, life, honor and property of the people.
The Holy Prophet has affirmed this right in a big international meeting, which is at the Farewell Pilgrimage. Of Abu Umamah bin Tsa'labah, the prophet of Allah said: "Whoever deprives a Muslim, then he has the right to go to hell and go to heaven haram." A man asked: "Even though it's something small, wahay prophet?" He replied: "Although only a wooden wine." (Narrated by Muslim).
Islam is different from other systems in that the rights of man as God's servant must not be submitted to and dependent on the authorities and the law. But all must refer to the law of God. Until the matter is still seen as Sadaqah great things else. For example, God forbid bershadaqah (doing good) with bad things. "And do not pick bad ones and then you spend on him ..." (Qur'an 2: 267).
1. Natural rights
The rights of human nature has given to all mankind as creatures created from the same element and from the same source as well (see QS. 4: 1, QS. 3: 195).
a. Right to Life
Allah guarantees of life, such as by prohibiting murder and clicking-qishas killer (see QS. 5: 32, QS. 2: 179). Even the deceased was guarded by right of God. For example hadith the prophet: "If someone mengkafani his brother's body, let him mengkafani well." Or "Do not berate people who are already dead. Because they have passed what they do." (Both HR. Bukhari).
b. Rights of Religious Freedom and Personal Freedom
Personal liberty is the most basic for human rights, and the most sacred freedoms is the freedom of religion and practice their religion, as long as does not interfere with the rights of others. The Word of God: "And if thy Lord had willed, surely faithful people on earth entirely. Did you force people so that they become believers all?" (Surah 10: 99).
To ensure freedom groups, communities and between nations, God commanded combat groups transgress against other groups (Qur'an 49: 9). Similarly, the rights of non-Muslim worship. Caliph Abu Bakr advised Yazid as would lead the troops: "You will find people who have a belief that they are immersed in solitude worshiping God in the monasteries, then let them." Khalid bin Walid did a deal with the Hirah to not disrupt place of worship (churches and synagogues) and do not prohibit their ceremonies.
Harmony of religious life for minorities is governed by the general principles of verse "There is no compulsion in religion." (Qur'an 2: 256).
Whereas in civil matters and personal life (ahwal syakhsiyah) for those governed by Islamic law provided they are willing to accept it as law. The Word of God: "If they (the Jews) come to ask for the decision, give the decision between them or leave them. If you let them, it will not bring harm to you. If you ruled the law, you shall decide justly. Verily Allah loves people who are fair. " (Surah 5: 42). If they do not follow the rule of law in the Islamic country, then they should follow the rules of his religion - as long as they stick to the original teachings. The Word of God: "And how do they raise you as a judge, while there on their Torah in which there is the law of God? Then they do not heed your call. Surely they are not people of faith." (QS.5: 7).
c. Rights Work
Islam is not just a place to work as a right but also an obligation. Work is a privilege that needs to be secured. The Holy Prophet said: "There is no better food than someone who eat foods produced from his own efforts." (Narrated by Bukhari). And Islam also guarantees the rights of workers, as seen in the hadith: "Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries." (Narrated by Ibn Majah).
2. Right to Life
Islam protects all human rights acquired disyari'atkan by God. Among these rights are:
a. Ownership Rights
Islam guarantees the legitimate rights of ownership and forbids the use of any means to get someone else's property that is not right, as Allah says: "And do not some of you take the other half possessions among you with the falsehood and do not bring the matter to the judge that treasure you can take most other people's property by way of sin when you figure it out. " (Qur'an 2: 188). Hence Islam prohibits usury and every effort adverse human livelihood. Islam also prohibits fraud in commerce. Word of the prophet peace be upon him: "Buying and selling is the option for the seller and buyer have not been separated. If both are honest in buying and selling, then they are endowed. However if you lie and deceive blessing-bei sell them removed." (Narrated by al-khamsah)
Islam also prohibits deprivation of property acquired from a lawful business, except for the general kemashlahatan and requires payment of a just retribution for the owner. Word of the prophet peace be upon him: "Whoever took the land rights of others unlawfully, then he is buried in the earth layer seven on the Day of Resurrection." Violation of public rights and greater sanctions will be more severe, because it means that society as a whole tehadap violation.
b. Family rights
God made marriage as a means to obtain peace. Even God ordered the trustees wed bachelor people under guardianship (Surah 24: 32). Aallah determine the rights and obligations in accordance with nature are given to human beings and in accordance with the burden borne by the individual.
At the country level and leadership at the head of the family to the family of men. This is intended as an excess of men over women (Surah 4: 34). But the rights and obligations of each has the same load. "And the women have equal rights with obligations under ma'ruf way, but the husband has a degree of advantage of her." (Qur'an 2: 228)
c. Security Rights
In Islam, the security is reflected in livelihood security and security life and property. The Word of God: "God has given them for food to eliminate hunger and secured them from fear." (Surah Quraish: 3-4).
Among the types of security are banned to enter the house without permission (Surah 24: 27). If citizens do not have a place to stay, the state is obliged to provide for him. Including security in Islam is to give benefits to the poor, orphans and those in need. Therefore, Umar bin Khattab implementing social benefits to every baby born in Islam either poor or rich. He said: "By Allah that no gods besides Him, every person has a property right in this country, I give or not give me." (Abu Yusuf Al-Kharaj). Umar also likely to bring an old Jewish poor to Baitul-Maal officers to be given charity and exempt from the jizya.
For the convicted or accused of security guarantees have to be tortured or mistreated. Warning prophet peace be upon him: "Verily Allah torment those who torment people in the world." (Narrated by al-khamsah). Islam regards the fall of the decisions taken on recognition of crimes that are not done. Word of the prophet peace be upon him: "Verily Allah remove from my ummah and forget mistakes and actions undertaken coercion" (Narrated by Ibn Majah).
Among the security guarantee is the right of political asylum mendpat. When there are oppressed people seeking asylum in the country who entered the Darul Islam. And the Muslim community is obliged to asylum and security to them if they ask. The Word of God: "And if anyone of the idolaters ask protection of thee, then protect it so that he could hear the word of God, then antarkanlah to a safe place for him." (Surah 9: 6).
d. Rights Justice
Among those rights is the right to follow any rules of Shari'ah and given a verdict in accordance with the Shari'ah (Qur'an 4: 79). In this case also the right of every person to defend themselves from unfair actions that he received. Word of Allah: "Allah does not like the words spoken frankly except by people who are persecuted." (Qur'an 4: 148).
Is the right of every person to ask for protection for the legitimate authority that can provide protection and defend it from harm or abuse. For Muslim ruler shall enforce justice and provide adequate security guarantees. Word of the prophet peace be upon him: "The leader of a shield, fighting behind and seek refuge with him." (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).
Including the right of every person to get the defense and also have the obligation to defend the rights of others with consciousness. Messenger of Allah said: "Will you tell me a good witness palng? Was he who gave testimony before the requested testimony." (Narrated by Muslim, Abu Dawud, Nasa'i and Tirmidhi). Not justified taking other people's rights to defend themselves in the name of anything. Because the prophet asserts: "Verily, those who actually have a defense." (Narrated by al-khamsah). A Muslim is also entitled to reject rules that are contrary to the Shariah, and collectively ordered to take a stand in solidarity against fellow Muslims who retain copyright.
e. Rights Defending and Supporting Each Other
Perfection of faith of which is indicated by giving the rights to its owner as possible, and helping others in defending the rights and prevent tyranny. Even the attitude of silence the apostles forbid fellow Muslims, disconnects the relation and turned to face each other. Word of the prophet peace be upon him: "The right of Muslims against Muslims are five: to answer greetings, visiting the sick, drove to the tomb, the invitation and pray when sneezing." (Narrated by Bukhari).
f. Justice and Equality Rights
God sent the prophet for social change by declaring equality and justice for all mankind (see QS. Al-Hadid: 25, Al-A'raf: 157 and An-Nisa: 5). The whole people equal under the law. Word of the prophet peace be upon him: "If the child Fatima Muhammad stole, I definitely cut his hand." (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).
At the time of the prophet many stories about equality and justice laws. For example the case of a tribal princess who stole Makhzum then asked for legal relief by Usamah bin Zaid, until then rebuked by the apostle: "... If the person is a resident of you committing theft, he left. However if a weak person who committed theft, they enact criminal law ... " Also the story of Al-Ghassani Jabalah king converted to Islam and persecution as hajj, Umar still enforce the law even though he was a king. Or the story of Ali who complain about the Jewish war shields, where Jews finally won the case.
Umar had advised the Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari when lifting as Qadli: "Amend people in front of you, in majlismu, and in your court. So do not expect a person who is a resident and a weak kedzalimanmu not despair over of justice."


(5) On Freedom Condemn Sharia
ost people took to the freedom of speech, including criticism of the proposed feasibility of the Qur'an and Sunnah as the grip of modern human life. There came the sound demanding equal rights of men to women, condemnation of polygamy, demands for mixed marriages (Muslim-non-Muslim). And they even invite the understanding of the Qur'an with changing the core mission of the Qur'an.
People with this view basically has put himself out of the religion of Islam (riddah) that the penalties are very severe. But if the majority of Muslims want sharia punishment on them, and their answer is that the Qur'an does not mention sanctions riddah. In other words they want to say that the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet. Have no legal force in Shariah, including the riddah sanctions.
To answer this there are some important things that must be understood, namely:

    Freedom is defined by freedom without control and the bond will not be found in any society. Ties and the control of which is not dibenarkannya out of the general rule in the country. Then there is no freedom blasted things seen by the state as the main pillars for the community.
    Islam does not force a person to enter into Islam, but guarantees freedom to non-Muslims to perform their religious Shari'ah although contrary to the teachings of Islam. Therefore, when there is a Muslim who claimed that agamnya not perfect, it means he has made a mistake that was threatened by the prophet peace be upon him: "Whoever changes his religion, then kill it." (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).
    Although there is freedom in Islam, is not meant for people who have converted to Islam have the freedom to change the laws that exist in the Qur'an and Sunnah.
    In Islam there is no concept of a secret in the hands of a holy man, and there is also no belief which is contrary to common sense reasoning such as Trinita and Forgiveness Card. Thus, there is no excuse for the opponents of Islam to come out of Islam or make changes to Islam.
    Islam recognizes that the religion of the Book. From Islam permits Muslim men to marry women of the Book, because the line lineage in Islam is in the hands of men.
    Riddah sanctions are not described in the Qur'an as worship and other muamalah. The Qur'an only describes the global course and commissioned the prophet peace be upon him explain the details of the laws and obligations. The Word of God: "And We have sent down to you the Qur'an that you may explain to mankind what has been revealed to them, and so they think." (Surah 16: 44)